CSS Tutorial: Beginner to Advanced
CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) is a true art form in web design. CSS controls how HTML elements are displayed on screen. It is especially useful for beginners. As you gain experience as a developer, CSS is a great skill to have in your developer toolkit.
This tutorial will take you from a basic understanding of stylesheets to more advanced style principles you can apply to your web development projects. So, let's dig in!
What is CSS?
CSS stands for Cascading Style Sheets. It is used to style HTML elements. With CSS you can change colors, fonts, layout, and more.
Example:
html
<p style="color: blue;">Hello, CSS!</p>
These little lines make the text blue.
Why do you need to learn about CSS?
- Improve the aesthetics of your website
- Improve user experience
- Support responsive design
- Save time with reusable styles
- Works with all reviewers
Types of CSS
There are three types of CSS:
- CSS inline: HTML code
- Inner CSS: Enter <style> under <head>
- External CSS: written in a single .css file
External CSS example:
p { .
color: green;
font-size: 16px;
}
The HTML link is:
<link rel="stylesheet" href="styles.css">
CSS Syntax
Each CSS command has a selector and a declaration block.
selector { .
property: value; }
Example:
h1 {
color: red;
text align: central;
}
CSS Selectors
CSS selectors focus on HTML elements. The most common are:
- Element selector: target elements (p, h1, div) .
- Class selector: target elements with a class (.myclass).
- Selector ID: refers to a unique element (#myid)
- Group selector: multi-element (h1, p) analysis.
- Universal selector: sets all elements (*) .
Color and background
Please use the color scheme as follows:
- Color names (red, green) .
- Hex codes (#ff0000) .
- RGB values (rgb(255, 0, 0)) .
Example:
body {
background: #f0f0f0;
color: #333;
}
Sources and literature
CSS lets you manage font styles.
p { .
font-family: Arial, unique;
font-size: 18px;
font - weight : black ;
text-align: justify;
}
Box Model in CSS
Each HTML element is a box. There are, among others:
- Content: the text/image
- Padding: a space around the contents
- Border: line around the padding
- Margin: area outside the border
Example:
div { .
padding: 20px;
border: 2px solid black;
margin: 10px;
}
Introduction to CSS
CSS allows you to define elements:
- Static (default)
- Relative
- Absolute
- Fixed
- Sticky
Example:
.box {
position : absolute ;
top: 50px;
left: 100px;
}
Flexbox: The Flexbox
Flexbox is based on modern layout.
Example:
.container { .
display: flex;
justify-content: center;
align-items : center ;
}
Flexbox is great for responsive designs.
Grid: Institutions of the Future
CSS Grid is a two-dimensional layout system.
Example:
.grid-container {
display: grid;
grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
gap: 10px;
}
Use grids for dashboards and visualizations, such as complex layouts.
Media Queries: Make Your Website Responsive
With media queries, you can design websites for all screen sizes.
@media (max width: 768px) {
body {
font size: 14px;
}
}
This rule changes the text size on tablets and mobile devices.
CSS Pseudo-Classes
Configuration classes define an element's attributes in a specific context.
- :hover - When the cursor is over the object
- :Focus - When an input is selected
- :nth-child() - Selects a specific element
Example:
button: hover {
background-color: blue;
color: white;
}
CSS Animation
You can create movement with animation.
Example:
@keyframe fadeIn {
from{opacity: 0;}
to{opacity: 1;} a
}
.fade {
animation: fade 2s smooth-in-out;
}
Animation enhances the user experience.
CSS Variables
CSS variables keep your code clean.
:root {
--Primary-Color: #ff6600;
}
h1 {
color: var(--primary-color);
}
Change a value to update all styles
CSS Recommendations
- Save your CSS file by editing it.
- Use comments to explain your code.
- Break your CSS on one line.
- Use meaningful class names.
- Test in all browsers.
Tools to use with CSS
- VS Code: Code to write.
- Chrome Devil Tools: A must!
- CodePen: A must!
- Bootstrap or Tailwind: Fast design.
- SASS/SCSS: CSS for the future.
Conclusion
CSS is essential for every web developer. From editing text to creating full layouts, the power of CSS is evident on websites.
Whether you're a beginner or an advanced user, practice regularly. Experiment with Flexbox, Grid, and animation. The more projects, the better.
Start slowly. Apply what you've learned. Soon you'll be designing fluid, responsive websites.
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